👉 The TP fluid, or Thermal Protection Fluid, is a specialized liquid used in spacecraft to manage heat during atmospheric re-entry. When a spacecraft re-enters Earth's atmosphere at high speeds, the friction generates intense heat, which can exceed 3,000°C. The TP fluid, typically a mixture of liquid hydrogen and oxygen, is injected into the spacecraft's thermal protection system. As the fluid flows through channels in the heat shield, it absorbs and dissipates this heat through a process called ablation, where the fluid evaporates or decomposes, carrying away thermal energy. This mechanism not only protects the spacecraft's structure but also ensures the safety of its occupants or payload during critical re-entry phases.
